Mini Shell

"""
Define names for built-in types that aren't directly accessible as a builtin.
"""
import sys

# Iterators in Python aren't a matter of type but of protocol.  A large
# and changing number of builtin types implement *some* flavor of
# iterator.  Don't check the type!  Use hasattr to check for both
# "__iter__" and "__next__" attributes instead.

def _f(): pass
FunctionType = type(_f)
LambdaType = type(lambda: None)         # Same as FunctionType
CodeType = type(_f.__code__)
MappingProxyType = type(type.__dict__)
SimpleNamespace = type(sys.implementation)

def _g():
    yield 1
GeneratorType = type(_g())

class _C:
    def _m(self): pass
MethodType = type(_C()._m)

BuiltinFunctionType = type(len)
BuiltinMethodType = type([].append)     # Same as BuiltinFunctionType

ModuleType = type(sys)

try:
    raise TypeError
except TypeError:
    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
    TracebackType = type(tb)
    FrameType = type(tb.tb_frame)
    tb = None; del tb

# For Jython, the following two types are identical
GetSetDescriptorType = type(FunctionType.__code__)
MemberDescriptorType = type(FunctionType.__globals__)

del sys, _f, _g, _C,                              # Not for export


# Provide a PEP 3115 compliant mechanism for class creation
def new_class(name, bases=(), kwds=None, exec_body=None):
    """Create a class object dynamically using the appropriate metaclass."""
    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(name, bases, kwds)
    if exec_body is not None:
        exec_body(ns)
    return meta(name, bases, ns, **kwds)

def prepare_class(name, bases=(), kwds=None):
    """Call the __prepare__ method of the appropriate metaclass.

    Returns (metaclass, namespace, kwds) as a 3-tuple

    *metaclass* is the appropriate metaclass
    *namespace* is the prepared class namespace
    *kwds* is an updated copy of the passed in kwds argument with any
    'metaclass' entry removed. If no kwds argument is passed in, this will
    be an empty dict.
    """
    if kwds is None:
        kwds = {}
    else:
        kwds = dict(kwds) # Don't alter the provided mapping
    if 'metaclass' in kwds:
        meta = kwds.pop('metaclass')
    else:
        if bases:
            meta = type(bases[0])
        else:
            meta = type
    if isinstance(meta, type):
        # when meta is a type, we first determine the most-derived metaclass
        # instead of invoking the initial candidate directly
        meta = _calculate_meta(meta, bases)
    if hasattr(meta, '__prepare__'):
        ns = meta.__prepare__(name, bases, **kwds)
    else:
        ns = {}
    return meta, ns, kwds

def _calculate_meta(meta, bases):
    """Calculate the most derived metaclass."""
    winner = meta
    for base in bases:
        base_meta = type(base)
        if issubclass(winner, base_meta):
            continue
        if issubclass(base_meta, winner):
            winner = base_meta
            continue
        # else:
        raise TypeError("metaclass conflict: "
                        "the metaclass of a derived class "
                        "must be a (non-strict) subclass "
                        "of the metaclasses of all its bases")
    return winner