Mini Shell
import mimetypes
import sys
import typing as t
import warnings
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
from io import BytesIO
from itertools import chain
from random import random
from tempfile import TemporaryFile
from time import time
from urllib.request import Request as _UrllibRequest
from ._internal import _get_environ
from ._internal import _make_encode_wrapper
from ._internal import _wsgi_decoding_dance
from ._internal import _wsgi_encoding_dance
from .datastructures import Authorization
from .datastructures import CallbackDict
from .datastructures import CombinedMultiDict
from .datastructures import EnvironHeaders
from .datastructures import FileMultiDict
from .datastructures import Headers
from .datastructures import MultiDict
from .http import dump_cookie
from .http import dump_options_header
from .http import parse_options_header
from .sansio.multipart import Data
from .sansio.multipart import Epilogue
from .sansio.multipart import Field
from .sansio.multipart import File
from .sansio.multipart import MultipartEncoder
from .sansio.multipart import Preamble
from .urls import iri_to_uri
from .urls import url_encode
from .urls import url_fix
from .urls import url_parse
from .urls import url_unparse
from .urls import url_unquote
from .utils import get_content_type
from .wrappers.request import Request
from .wrappers.response import Response
from .wsgi import ClosingIterator
from .wsgi import get_current_url
if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
def stream_encode_multipart(
data: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
use_tempfile: bool = True,
threshold: int = 1024 * 500,
boundary: t.Optional[str] = None,
charset: str = "utf-8",
) -> t.Tuple[t.IO[bytes], int, str]:
"""Encode a dict of values (either strings or file descriptors or
:class:`FileStorage` objects.) into a multipart encoded string stored
in a file descriptor.
"""
if boundary is None:
boundary = f"---------------WerkzeugFormPart_{time()}{random()}"
stream: t.IO[bytes] = BytesIO()
total_length = 0
on_disk = False
if use_tempfile:
def write_binary(s: bytes) -> int:
nonlocal stream, total_length, on_disk
if on_disk:
return stream.write(s)
else:
length = len(s)
if length + total_length <= threshold:
stream.write(s)
else:
new_stream = t.cast(t.IO[bytes], TemporaryFile("wb+"))
new_stream.write(stream.getvalue()) # type: ignore
new_stream.write(s)
stream = new_stream
on_disk = True
total_length += length
return length
else:
write_binary = stream.write
encoder = MultipartEncoder(boundary.encode())
write_binary(encoder.send_event(Preamble(data=b"")))
for key, value in _iter_data(data):
reader = getattr(value, "read", None)
if reader is not None:
filename = getattr(value, "filename", getattr(value, "name", None))
content_type = getattr(value, "content_type", None)
if content_type is None:
content_type = (
filename
and mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0]
or "application/octet-stream"
)
headers = Headers([("Content-Type", content_type)])
if filename is None:
write_binary(encoder.send_event(Field(name=key, headers=headers)))
else:
write_binary(
encoder.send_event(
File(name=key, filename=filename, headers=headers)
)
)
while True:
chunk = reader(16384)
if not chunk:
break
write_binary(encoder.send_event(Data(data=chunk, more_data=True)))
else:
if not isinstance(value, str):
value = str(value)
write_binary(encoder.send_event(Field(name=key, headers=Headers())))
write_binary(
encoder.send_event(Data(data=value.encode(charset), more_data=False))
)
write_binary(encoder.send_event(Epilogue(data=b"")))
length = stream.tell()
stream.seek(0)
return stream, length, boundary
def encode_multipart(
values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
boundary: t.Optional[str] = None,
charset: str = "utf-8",
) -> t.Tuple[str, bytes]:
"""Like `stream_encode_multipart` but returns a tuple in the form
(``boundary``, ``data``) where data is bytes.
"""
stream, length, boundary = stream_encode_multipart(
values, use_tempfile=False, boundary=boundary, charset=charset
)
return boundary, stream.read()
class _TestCookieHeaders:
"""A headers adapter for cookielib"""
def __init__(self, headers: t.Union[Headers, t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]]) -> None:
self.headers = headers
def getheaders(self, name: str) -> t.Iterable[str]:
headers = []
name = name.lower()
for k, v in self.headers:
if k.lower() == name:
headers.append(v)
return headers
def get_all(
self, name: str, default: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None
) -> t.Iterable[str]:
headers = self.getheaders(name)
if not headers:
return default # type: ignore
return headers
class _TestCookieResponse:
"""Something that looks like a httplib.HTTPResponse, but is actually just an
adapter for our test responses to make them available for cookielib.
"""
def __init__(self, headers: t.Union[Headers, t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]]) -> None:
self.headers = _TestCookieHeaders(headers)
def info(self) -> _TestCookieHeaders:
return self.headers
class _TestCookieJar(CookieJar):
"""A cookielib.CookieJar modified to inject and read cookie headers from
and to wsgi environments, and wsgi application responses.
"""
def inject_wsgi(self, environ: "WSGIEnvironment") -> None:
"""Inject the cookies as client headers into the server's wsgi
environment.
"""
cvals = [f"{c.name}={c.value}" for c in self]
if cvals:
environ["HTTP_COOKIE"] = "; ".join(cvals)
else:
environ.pop("HTTP_COOKIE", None)
def extract_wsgi(
self,
environ: "WSGIEnvironment",
headers: t.Union[Headers, t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]],
) -> None:
"""Extract the server's set-cookie headers as cookies into the
cookie jar.
"""
self.extract_cookies(
_TestCookieResponse(headers), # type: ignore
_UrllibRequest(get_current_url(environ)),
)
def _iter_data(data: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[str, t.Any]]:
"""Iterate over a mapping that might have a list of values, yielding
all key, value pairs. Almost like iter_multi_items but only allows
lists, not tuples, of values so tuples can be used for files.
"""
if isinstance(data, MultiDict):
yield from data.items(multi=True)
else:
for key, value in data.items():
if isinstance(value, list):
for v in value:
yield key, v
else:
yield key, value
_TAnyMultiDict = t.TypeVar("_TAnyMultiDict", bound=MultiDict)
class EnvironBuilder:
"""This class can be used to conveniently create a WSGI environment
for testing purposes. It can be used to quickly create WSGI environments
or request objects from arbitrary data.
The signature of this class is also used in some other places as of
Werkzeug 0.5 (:func:`create_environ`, :meth:`Response.from_values`,
:meth:`Client.open`). Because of this most of the functionality is
available through the constructor alone.
Files and regular form data can be manipulated independently of each
other with the :attr:`form` and :attr:`files` attributes, but are
passed with the same argument to the constructor: `data`.
`data` can be any of these values:
- a `str` or `bytes` object: The object is converted into an
:attr:`input_stream`, the :attr:`content_length` is set and you have to
provide a :attr:`content_type`.
- a `dict` or :class:`MultiDict`: The keys have to be strings. The values
have to be either any of the following objects, or a list of any of the
following objects:
- a :class:`file`-like object: These are converted into
:class:`FileStorage` objects automatically.
- a `tuple`: The :meth:`~FileMultiDict.add_file` method is called
with the key and the unpacked `tuple` items as positional
arguments.
- a `str`: The string is set as form data for the associated key.
- a file-like object: The object content is loaded in memory and then
handled like a regular `str` or a `bytes`.
:param path: the path of the request. In the WSGI environment this will
end up as `PATH_INFO`. If the `query_string` is not defined
and there is a question mark in the `path` everything after
it is used as query string.
:param base_url: the base URL is a URL that is used to extract the WSGI
URL scheme, host (server name + server port) and the
script root (`SCRIPT_NAME`).
:param query_string: an optional string or dict with URL parameters.
:param method: the HTTP method to use, defaults to `GET`.
:param input_stream: an optional input stream. Do not specify this and
`data`. As soon as an input stream is set you can't
modify :attr:`args` and :attr:`files` unless you
set the :attr:`input_stream` to `None` again.
:param content_type: The content type for the request. As of 0.5 you
don't have to provide this when specifying files
and form data via `data`.
:param content_length: The content length for the request. You don't
have to specify this when providing data via
`data`.
:param errors_stream: an optional error stream that is used for
`wsgi.errors`. Defaults to :data:`stderr`.
:param multithread: controls `wsgi.multithread`. Defaults to `False`.
:param multiprocess: controls `wsgi.multiprocess`. Defaults to `False`.
:param run_once: controls `wsgi.run_once`. Defaults to `False`.
:param headers: an optional list or :class:`Headers` object of headers.
:param data: a string or dict of form data or a file-object.
See explanation above.
:param json: An object to be serialized and assigned to ``data``.
Defaults the content type to ``"application/json"``.
Serialized with the function assigned to :attr:`json_dumps`.
:param environ_base: an optional dict of environment defaults.
:param environ_overrides: an optional dict of environment overrides.
:param charset: the charset used to encode string data.
:param auth: An authorization object to use for the
``Authorization`` header value. A ``(username, password)`` tuple
is a shortcut for ``Basic`` authorization.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``REQUEST_URI`` and ``RAW_URI`` is the full raw URI including
the query string, not only the path.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
The default :attr:`request_class` is ``Request`` instead of
``BaseRequest``.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
Added the ``auth`` parameter.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
The ``json`` param and :meth:`json_dumps` method.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
The environ has keys ``REQUEST_URI`` and ``RAW_URI`` containing
the path before perecent-decoding. This is not part of the WSGI
PEP, but many WSGI servers include it.
.. versionchanged:: 0.6
``path`` and ``base_url`` can now be unicode strings that are
encoded with :func:`iri_to_uri`.
"""
#: the server protocol to use. defaults to HTTP/1.1
server_protocol = "HTTP/1.1"
#: the wsgi version to use. defaults to (1, 0)
wsgi_version = (1, 0)
#: The default request class used by :meth:`get_request`.
request_class = Request
import json
#: The serialization function used when ``json`` is passed.
json_dumps = staticmethod(json.dumps)
del json
_args: t.Optional[MultiDict]
_query_string: t.Optional[str]
_input_stream: t.Optional[t.IO[bytes]]
_form: t.Optional[MultiDict]
_files: t.Optional[FileMultiDict]
def __init__(
self,
path: str = "/",
base_url: t.Optional[str] = None,
query_string: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Mapping[str, str], str]] = None,
method: str = "GET",
input_stream: t.Optional[t.IO[bytes]] = None,
content_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
content_length: t.Optional[int] = None,
errors_stream: t.Optional[t.IO[str]] = None,
multithread: bool = False,
multiprocess: bool = False,
run_once: bool = False,
headers: t.Optional[t.Union[Headers, t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, str]]]] = None,
data: t.Optional[
t.Union[t.IO[bytes], str, bytes, t.Mapping[str, t.Any]]
] = None,
environ_base: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
environ_overrides: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
charset: str = "utf-8",
mimetype: t.Optional[str] = None,
json: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
auth: t.Optional[t.Union[Authorization, t.Tuple[str, str]]] = None,
) -> None:
path_s = _make_encode_wrapper(path)
if query_string is not None and path_s("?") in path:
raise ValueError("Query string is defined in the path and as an argument")
request_uri = url_parse(path)
if query_string is None and path_s("?") in path:
query_string = request_uri.query
self.charset = charset
self.path = iri_to_uri(request_uri.path)
self.request_uri = path
if base_url is not None:
base_url = url_fix(iri_to_uri(base_url, charset), charset)
self.base_url = base_url # type: ignore
if isinstance(query_string, (bytes, str)):
self.query_string = query_string
else:
if query_string is None:
query_string = MultiDict()
elif not isinstance(query_string, MultiDict):
query_string = MultiDict(query_string)
self.args = query_string
self.method = method
if headers is None:
headers = Headers()
elif not isinstance(headers, Headers):
headers = Headers(headers)
self.headers = headers
if content_type is not None:
self.content_type = content_type
if errors_stream is None:
errors_stream = sys.stderr
self.errors_stream = errors_stream
self.multithread = multithread
self.multiprocess = multiprocess
self.run_once = run_once
self.environ_base = environ_base
self.environ_overrides = environ_overrides
self.input_stream = input_stream
self.content_length = content_length
self.closed = False
if auth is not None:
if isinstance(auth, tuple):
auth = Authorization(
"basic", {"username": auth[0], "password": auth[1]}
)
self.headers.set("Authorization", auth.to_header())
if json is not None:
if data is not None:
raise TypeError("can't provide both json and data")
data = self.json_dumps(json)
if self.content_type is None:
self.content_type = "application/json"
if data:
if input_stream is not None:
raise TypeError("can't provide input stream and data")
if hasattr(data, "read"):
data = data.read() # type: ignore
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode(self.charset)
if isinstance(data, bytes):
self.input_stream = BytesIO(data)
if self.content_length is None:
self.content_length = len(data)
else:
for key, value in _iter_data(data): # type: ignore
if isinstance(value, (tuple, dict)) or hasattr(value, "read"):
self._add_file_from_data(key, value)
else:
self.form.setlistdefault(key).append(value)
if mimetype is not None:
self.mimetype = mimetype
@classmethod
def from_environ(
cls, environ: "WSGIEnvironment", **kwargs: t.Any
) -> "EnvironBuilder":
"""Turn an environ dict back into a builder. Any extra kwargs
override the args extracted from the environ.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Path and query values are passed through the WSGI decoding
dance to avoid double encoding.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
headers = Headers(EnvironHeaders(environ))
out = {
"path": _wsgi_decoding_dance(environ["PATH_INFO"]),
"base_url": cls._make_base_url(
environ["wsgi.url_scheme"],
headers.pop("Host"),
_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ["SCRIPT_NAME"]),
),
"query_string": _wsgi_decoding_dance(environ["QUERY_STRING"]),
"method": environ["REQUEST_METHOD"],
"input_stream": environ["wsgi.input"],
"content_type": headers.pop("Content-Type", None),
"content_length": headers.pop("Content-Length", None),
"errors_stream": environ["wsgi.errors"],
"multithread": environ["wsgi.multithread"],
"multiprocess": environ["wsgi.multiprocess"],
"run_once": environ["wsgi.run_once"],
"headers": headers,
}
out.update(kwargs)
return cls(**out)
def _add_file_from_data(
self,
key: str,
value: t.Union[
t.IO[bytes], t.Tuple[t.IO[bytes], str], t.Tuple[t.IO[bytes], str, str]
],
) -> None:
"""Called in the EnvironBuilder to add files from the data dict."""
if isinstance(value, tuple):
self.files.add_file(key, *value)
else:
self.files.add_file(key, value)
@staticmethod
def _make_base_url(scheme: str, host: str, script_root: str) -> str:
return url_unparse((scheme, host, script_root, "", "")).rstrip("/") + "/"
@property
def base_url(self) -> str:
"""The base URL is used to extract the URL scheme, host name,
port, and root path.
"""
return self._make_base_url(self.url_scheme, self.host, self.script_root)
@base_url.setter
def base_url(self, value: t.Optional[str]) -> None:
if value is None:
scheme = "http"
netloc = "localhost"
script_root = ""
else:
scheme, netloc, script_root, qs, anchor = url_parse(value)
if qs or anchor:
raise ValueError("base url must not contain a query string or fragment")
self.script_root = script_root.rstrip("/")
self.host = netloc
self.url_scheme = scheme
@property
def content_type(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
"""The content type for the request. Reflected from and to
the :attr:`headers`. Do not set if you set :attr:`files` or
:attr:`form` for auto detection.
"""
ct = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
if ct is None and not self._input_stream:
if self._files:
return "multipart/form-data"
if self._form:
return "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
return None
return ct
@content_type.setter
def content_type(self, value: t.Optional[str]) -> None:
if value is None:
self.headers.pop("Content-Type", None)
else:
self.headers["Content-Type"] = value
@property
def mimetype(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
"""The mimetype (content type without charset etc.)
.. versionadded:: 0.14
"""
ct = self.content_type
return ct.split(";")[0].strip() if ct else None
@mimetype.setter
def mimetype(self, value: str) -> None:
self.content_type = get_content_type(value, self.charset)
@property
def mimetype_params(self) -> t.Mapping[str, str]:
"""The mimetype parameters as dict. For example if the
content type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
.. versionadded:: 0.14
"""
def on_update(d: CallbackDict) -> None:
self.headers["Content-Type"] = dump_options_header(self.mimetype, d)
d = parse_options_header(self.headers.get("content-type", ""))[1]
return CallbackDict(d, on_update)
@property
def content_length(self) -> t.Optional[int]:
"""The content length as integer. Reflected from and to the
:attr:`headers`. Do not set if you set :attr:`files` or
:attr:`form` for auto detection.
"""
return self.headers.get("Content-Length", type=int)
@content_length.setter
def content_length(self, value: t.Optional[int]) -> None:
if value is None:
self.headers.pop("Content-Length", None)
else:
self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(value)
def _get_form(self, name: str, storage: t.Type[_TAnyMultiDict]) -> _TAnyMultiDict:
"""Common behavior for getting the :attr:`form` and
:attr:`files` properties.
:param name: Name of the internal cached attribute.
:param storage: Storage class used for the data.
"""
if self.input_stream is not None:
raise AttributeError("an input stream is defined")
rv = getattr(self, name)
if rv is None:
rv = storage()
setattr(self, name, rv)
return rv # type: ignore
def _set_form(self, name: str, value: MultiDict) -> None:
"""Common behavior for setting the :attr:`form` and
:attr:`files` properties.
:param name: Name of the internal cached attribute.
:param value: Value to assign to the attribute.
"""
self._input_stream = None
setattr(self, name, value)
@property
def form(self) -> MultiDict:
"""A :class:`MultiDict` of form values."""
return self._get_form("_form", MultiDict)
@form.setter
def form(self, value: MultiDict) -> None:
self._set_form("_form", value)
@property
def files(self) -> FileMultiDict:
"""A :class:`FileMultiDict` of uploaded files. Use
:meth:`~FileMultiDict.add_file` to add new files.
"""
return self._get_form("_files", FileMultiDict)
@files.setter
def files(self, value: FileMultiDict) -> None:
self._set_form("_files", value)
@property
def input_stream(self) -> t.Optional[t.IO[bytes]]:
"""An optional input stream. This is mutually exclusive with
setting :attr:`form` and :attr:`files`, setting it will clear
those. Do not provide this if the method is not ``POST`` or
another method that has a body.
"""
return self._input_stream
@input_stream.setter
def input_stream(self, value: t.Optional[t.IO[bytes]]) -> None:
self._input_stream = value
self._form = None
self._files = None
@property
def query_string(self) -> str:
"""The query string. If you set this to a string
:attr:`args` will no longer be available.
"""
if self._query_string is None:
if self._args is not None:
return url_encode(self._args, charset=self.charset)
return ""
return self._query_string
@query_string.setter
def query_string(self, value: t.Optional[str]) -> None:
self._query_string = value
self._args = None
@property
def args(self) -> MultiDict:
"""The URL arguments as :class:`MultiDict`."""
if self._query_string is not None:
raise AttributeError("a query string is defined")
if self._args is None:
self._args = MultiDict()
return self._args
@args.setter
def args(self, value: t.Optional[MultiDict]) -> None:
self._query_string = None
self._args = value
@property
def server_name(self) -> str:
"""The server name (read-only, use :attr:`host` to set)"""
return self.host.split(":", 1)[0]
@property
def server_port(self) -> int:
"""The server port as integer (read-only, use :attr:`host` to set)"""
pieces = self.host.split(":", 1)
if len(pieces) == 2 and pieces[1].isdigit():
return int(pieces[1])
if self.url_scheme == "https":
return 443
return 80
def __del__(self) -> None:
try:
self.close()
except Exception:
pass
def close(self) -> None:
"""Closes all files. If you put real :class:`file` objects into the
:attr:`files` dict you can call this method to automatically close
them all in one go.
"""
if self.closed:
return
try:
files = self.files.values()
except AttributeError:
files = () # type: ignore
for f in files:
try:
f.close()
except Exception:
pass
self.closed = True
def get_environ(self) -> "WSGIEnvironment":
"""Return the built environ.
.. versionchanged:: 0.15
The content type and length headers are set based on
input stream detection. Previously this only set the WSGI
keys.
"""
input_stream = self.input_stream
content_length = self.content_length
mimetype = self.mimetype
content_type = self.content_type
if input_stream is not None:
start_pos = input_stream.tell()
input_stream.seek(0, 2)
end_pos = input_stream.tell()
input_stream.seek(start_pos)
content_length = end_pos - start_pos
elif mimetype == "multipart/form-data":
input_stream, content_length, boundary = stream_encode_multipart(
CombinedMultiDict([self.form, self.files]), charset=self.charset
)
content_type = f'{mimetype}; boundary="{boundary}"'
elif mimetype == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded":
form_encoded = url_encode(self.form, charset=self.charset).encode("ascii")
content_length = len(form_encoded)
input_stream = BytesIO(form_encoded)
else:
input_stream = BytesIO()
result: "WSGIEnvironment" = {}
if self.environ_base:
result.update(self.environ_base)
def _path_encode(x: str) -> str:
return _wsgi_encoding_dance(url_unquote(x, self.charset), self.charset)
raw_uri = _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.request_uri, self.charset)
result.update(
{
"REQUEST_METHOD": self.method,
"SCRIPT_NAME": _path_encode(self.script_root),
"PATH_INFO": _path_encode(self.path),
"QUERY_STRING": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.query_string, self.charset),
# Non-standard, added by mod_wsgi, uWSGI
"REQUEST_URI": raw_uri,
# Non-standard, added by gunicorn
"RAW_URI": raw_uri,
"SERVER_NAME": self.server_name,
"SERVER_PORT": str(self.server_port),
"HTTP_HOST": self.host,
"SERVER_PROTOCOL": self.server_protocol,
"wsgi.version": self.wsgi_version,
"wsgi.url_scheme": self.url_scheme,
"wsgi.input": input_stream,
"wsgi.errors": self.errors_stream,
"wsgi.multithread": self.multithread,
"wsgi.multiprocess": self.multiprocess,
"wsgi.run_once": self.run_once,
}
)
headers = self.headers.copy()
if content_type is not None:
result["CONTENT_TYPE"] = content_type
headers.set("Content-Type", content_type)
if content_length is not None:
result["CONTENT_LENGTH"] = str(content_length)
headers.set("Content-Length", content_length)
combined_headers = defaultdict(list)
for key, value in headers.to_wsgi_list():
combined_headers[f"HTTP_{key.upper().replace('-', '_')}"].append(value)
for key, values in combined_headers.items():
result[key] = ", ".join(values)
if self.environ_overrides:
result.update(self.environ_overrides)
return result
def get_request(self, cls: t.Optional[t.Type[Request]] = None) -> Request:
"""Returns a request with the data. If the request class is not
specified :attr:`request_class` is used.
:param cls: The request wrapper to use.
"""
if cls is None:
cls = self.request_class
return cls(self.get_environ())
class ClientRedirectError(Exception):
"""If a redirect loop is detected when using follow_redirects=True with
the :cls:`Client`, then this exception is raised.
"""
class Client:
"""This class allows you to send requests to a wrapped application.
The use_cookies parameter indicates whether cookies should be stored and
sent for subsequent requests. This is True by default, but passing False
will disable this behaviour.
If you want to request some subdomain of your application you may set
`allow_subdomain_redirects` to `True` as if not no external redirects
are allowed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``response_wrapper`` is always a subclass of
:class:``TestResponse``.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
Added the ``use_cookies`` parameter.
"""
def __init__(
self,
application: "WSGIApplication",
response_wrapper: t.Optional[t.Type["Response"]] = None,
use_cookies: bool = True,
allow_subdomain_redirects: bool = False,
) -> None:
self.application = application
if response_wrapper in {None, Response}:
response_wrapper = TestResponse
elif not isinstance(response_wrapper, TestResponse):
response_wrapper = type(
"WrapperTestResponse",
(TestResponse, response_wrapper), # type: ignore
{},
)
self.response_wrapper = t.cast(t.Type["TestResponse"], response_wrapper)
if use_cookies:
self.cookie_jar: t.Optional[_TestCookieJar] = _TestCookieJar()
else:
self.cookie_jar = None
self.allow_subdomain_redirects = allow_subdomain_redirects
def set_cookie(
self,
server_name: str,
key: str,
value: str = "",
max_age: t.Optional[t.Union[timedelta, int]] = None,
expires: t.Optional[t.Union[str, datetime, int, float]] = None,
path: str = "/",
domain: t.Optional[str] = None,
secure: bool = False,
httponly: bool = False,
samesite: t.Optional[str] = None,
charset: str = "utf-8",
) -> None:
"""Sets a cookie in the client's cookie jar. The server name
is required and has to match the one that is also passed to
the open call.
"""
assert self.cookie_jar is not None, "cookies disabled"
header = dump_cookie(
key,
value,
max_age,
expires,
path,
domain,
secure,
httponly,
charset,
samesite=samesite,
)
environ = create_environ(path, base_url=f"http://{server_name}")
headers = [("Set-Cookie", header)]
self.cookie_jar.extract_wsgi(environ, headers)
def delete_cookie(
self,
server_name: str,
key: str,
path: str = "/",
domain: t.Optional[str] = None,
secure: bool = False,
httponly: bool = False,
samesite: t.Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
"""Deletes a cookie in the test client."""
self.set_cookie(
server_name,
key,
expires=0,
max_age=0,
path=path,
domain=domain,
secure=secure,
httponly=httponly,
samesite=samesite,
)
def run_wsgi_app(
self, environ: "WSGIEnvironment", buffered: bool = False
) -> t.Tuple[t.Iterable[bytes], str, Headers]:
"""Runs the wrapped WSGI app with the given environment.
:meta private:
"""
if self.cookie_jar is not None:
self.cookie_jar.inject_wsgi(environ)
rv = run_wsgi_app(self.application, environ, buffered=buffered)
if self.cookie_jar is not None:
self.cookie_jar.extract_wsgi(environ, rv[2])
return rv
def resolve_redirect(
self, response: "TestResponse", buffered: bool = False
) -> "TestResponse":
"""Perform a new request to the location given by the redirect
response to the previous request.
:meta private:
"""
scheme, netloc, path, qs, anchor = url_parse(response.location)
builder = EnvironBuilder.from_environ(
response.request.environ, path=path, query_string=qs
)
to_name_parts = netloc.split(":", 1)[0].split(".")
from_name_parts = builder.server_name.split(".")
if to_name_parts != [""]:
# The new location has a host, use it for the base URL.
builder.url_scheme = scheme
builder.host = netloc
else:
# A local redirect with autocorrect_location_header=False
# doesn't have a host, so use the request's host.
to_name_parts = from_name_parts
# Explain why a redirect to a different server name won't be followed.
if to_name_parts != from_name_parts:
if to_name_parts[-len(from_name_parts) :] == from_name_parts:
if not self.allow_subdomain_redirects:
raise RuntimeError("Following subdomain redirects is not enabled.")
else:
raise RuntimeError("Following external redirects is not supported.")
path_parts = path.split("/")
root_parts = builder.script_root.split("/")
if path_parts[: len(root_parts)] == root_parts:
# Strip the script root from the path.
builder.path = path[len(builder.script_root) :]
else:
# The new location is not under the script root, so use the
# whole path and clear the previous root.
builder.path = path
builder.script_root = ""
# Only 307 and 308 preserve all of the original request.
if response.status_code not in {307, 308}:
# HEAD is preserved, everything else becomes GET.
if builder.method != "HEAD":
builder.method = "GET"
# Clear the body and the headers that describe it.
if builder.input_stream is not None:
builder.input_stream.close()
builder.input_stream = None
builder.content_type = None
builder.content_length = None
builder.headers.pop("Transfer-Encoding", None)
return self.open(builder, buffered=buffered)
def open(
self,
*args: t.Any,
as_tuple: bool = False,
buffered: bool = False,
follow_redirects: bool = False,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> "TestResponse":
"""Generate an environ dict from the given arguments, make a
request to the application using it, and return the response.
:param args: Passed to :class:`EnvironBuilder` to create the
environ for the request. If a single arg is passed, it can
be an existing :class:`EnvironBuilder` or an environ dict.
:param buffered: Convert the iterator returned by the app into
a list. If the iterator has a ``close()`` method, it is
called automatically.
:param follow_redirects: Make additional requests to follow HTTP
redirects until a non-redirect status is returned.
:attr:`TestResponse.history` lists the intermediate
responses.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``as_tuple`` is deprecated and will be removed in Werkzeug
2.1. Use :attr:`TestResponse.request` and
``request.environ`` instead.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
The request input stream is closed when calling
``response.close()``. Input streams for redirects are
automatically closed.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
If a dict is provided as file in the dict for the ``data``
parameter the content type has to be called ``content_type``
instead of ``mimetype``. This change was made for
consistency with :class:`werkzeug.FileWrapper`.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
Added the ``follow_redirects`` parameter.
"""
request: t.Optional["Request"] = None
if not kwargs and len(args) == 1:
arg = args[0]
if isinstance(arg, EnvironBuilder):
request = arg.get_request()
elif isinstance(arg, dict):
request = EnvironBuilder.from_environ(arg).get_request()
elif isinstance(arg, Request):
request = arg
if request is None:
builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
try:
request = builder.get_request()
finally:
builder.close()
response = self.run_wsgi_app(request.environ, buffered=buffered)
response = self.response_wrapper(*response, request=request)
redirects = set()
history: t.List["TestResponse"] = []
while follow_redirects and response.status_code in {
301,
302,
303,
305,
307,
308,
}:
# Exhaust intermediate response bodies to ensure middleware
# that returns an iterator runs any cleanup code.
if not buffered:
response.make_sequence()
response.close()
new_redirect_entry = (response.location, response.status_code)
if new_redirect_entry in redirects:
raise ClientRedirectError(
f"Loop detected: A {response.status_code} redirect"
f" to {response.location} was already made."
)
redirects.add(new_redirect_entry)
response.history = tuple(history)
history.append(response)
response = self.resolve_redirect(response, buffered=buffered)
else:
# This is the final request after redirects, or not
# following redirects.
response.history = tuple(history)
# Close the input stream when closing the response, in case
# the input is an open temporary file.
response.call_on_close(request.input_stream.close)
if as_tuple:
warnings.warn(
"'as_tuple' is deprecated and will be removed in"
" Werkzeug 2.1. Access 'response.request.environ'"
" instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return request.environ, response # type: ignore
return response
def get(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``GET``."""
kw["method"] = "GET"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def post(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``POST``."""
kw["method"] = "POST"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def put(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``PUT``."""
kw["method"] = "PUT"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def delete(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``DELETE``."""
kw["method"] = "DELETE"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def patch(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``PATCH``."""
kw["method"] = "PATCH"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def options(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``OPTIONS``."""
kw["method"] = "OPTIONS"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def head(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``HEAD``."""
kw["method"] = "HEAD"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def trace(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> "TestResponse":
"""Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``TRACE``."""
kw["method"] = "TRACE"
return self.open(*args, **kw)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.application!r}>"
def create_environ(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "WSGIEnvironment":
"""Create a new WSGI environ dict based on the values passed. The first
parameter should be the path of the request which defaults to '/'. The
second one can either be an absolute path (in that case the host is
localhost:80) or a full path to the request with scheme, netloc port and
the path to the script.
This accepts the same arguments as the :class:`EnvironBuilder`
constructor.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
This function is now a thin wrapper over :class:`EnvironBuilder` which
was added in 0.5. The `headers`, `environ_base`, `environ_overrides`
and `charset` parameters were added.
"""
builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
try:
return builder.get_environ()
finally:
builder.close()
def run_wsgi_app(
app: "WSGIApplication", environ: "WSGIEnvironment", buffered: bool = False
) -> t.Tuple[t.Iterable[bytes], str, Headers]:
"""Return a tuple in the form (app_iter, status, headers) of the
application output. This works best if you pass it an application that
returns an iterator all the time.
Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable returned
by the `start_response` function. This tries to resolve such edge
cases automatically. But if you don't get the expected output you
should set `buffered` to `True` which enforces buffering.
If passed an invalid WSGI application the behavior of this function is
undefined. Never pass non-conforming WSGI applications to this function.
:param app: the application to execute.
:param buffered: set to `True` to enforce buffering.
:return: tuple in the form ``(app_iter, status, headers)``
"""
# Copy environ to ensure any mutations by the app (ProxyFix, for
# example) don't affect subsequent requests (such as redirects).
environ = _get_environ(environ).copy()
status: str
response: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]]] = None
buffer: t.List[bytes] = []
def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): # type: ignore
nonlocal response
if exc_info:
try:
raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
finally:
exc_info = None
response = (status, headers)
return buffer.append
app_rv = app(environ, start_response)
close_func = getattr(app_rv, "close", None)
app_iter: t.Iterable[bytes] = iter(app_rv)
# when buffering we emit the close call early and convert the
# application iterator into a regular list
if buffered:
try:
app_iter = list(app_iter)
finally:
if close_func is not None:
close_func()
# otherwise we iterate the application iter until we have a response, chain
# the already received data with the already collected data and wrap it in
# a new `ClosingIterator` if we need to restore a `close` callable from the
# original return value.
else:
for item in app_iter:
buffer.append(item)
if response is not None:
break
if buffer:
app_iter = chain(buffer, app_iter)
if close_func is not None and app_iter is not app_rv:
app_iter = ClosingIterator(app_iter, close_func)
status, headers = response # type: ignore
return app_iter, status, Headers(headers)
class TestResponse(Response):
""":class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response` subclass that provides extra
information about requests made with the test :class:`Client`.
Test client requests will always return an instance of this class.
If a custom response class is passed to the client, it is
subclassed along with this to support test information.
If the test request included large files, or if the application is
serving a file, call :meth:`close` to close any open files and
prevent Python showing a ``ResourceWarning``.
"""
request: Request
"""A request object with the environ used to make the request that
resulted in this response.
"""
history: t.Tuple["TestResponse", ...]
"""A list of intermediate responses. Populated when the test request
is made with ``follow_redirects`` enabled.
"""
# Tell Pytest to ignore this, it's not a test class.
__test__ = False
def __init__(
self,
response: t.Iterable[bytes],
status: str,
headers: Headers,
request: Request,
history: t.Tuple["TestResponse"] = (), # type: ignore
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> None:
super().__init__(response, status, headers, **kwargs)
self.request = request
self.history = history
self._compat_tuple = response, status, headers
def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
warnings.warn(
(
"The test client no longer returns a tuple, it returns"
" a 'TestResponse'. Tuple unpacking is deprecated and"
" will be removed in Werkzeug 2.1. Access the"
" attributes 'data', 'status', and 'headers' instead."
),
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return iter(self._compat_tuple)
def __getitem__(self, item: int) -> t.Any:
warnings.warn(
(
"The test client no longer returns a tuple, it returns"
" a 'TestResponse'. Item indexing is deprecated and"
" will be removed in Werkzeug 2.1. Access the"
" attributes 'data', 'status', and 'headers' instead."
),
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return self._compat_tuple[item]
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